DESIGN

Design Aim

5.1 The key aim in relation to Design is:

“to promote high quality design in all developments.”

Design Objectives

5.2 In seeking to achieve this aim, the Design objectives of the Local Plan are:

Objective 13: Built Environment
To ensure the creation of exciting and successful built environments that comprise buildings and spaces of a high quality design, which makes a positive contribution to the character of the District.

Objective 14: Local Distinctiveness
To safeguard the distinct character and heritage of the District's landscapes, townscapes and villages, and to ensure that new development reflects or complements these characteristics.

Objective 15: Energy Conservation
To promote energy efficiency in building design and layouts.

Objective 16: Infrastructure
To promote high quality design in transport infrastructure, car parks and street furniture.

Objective 17: Community Safety
To ensure that the design of new development, wherever possible, improves the well-being, security and safety of residents and visitors.

Objective 18: Design Statements
To promote the production and use of local & village design statements.

Objective 19: New buildings and new uses
To promote high quality design in new and existing buildings.

Objective 20: Advertisements
To promote high quality design in advertisements which maintain or enhance local amenity and ensure public safety.

Vision for Design in Wyre Forest District

5.3 Buildings should not be looked at in isolation and this Plan seeks to ensure that the arrangement, mass and shape of individual buildings or groups of buildings will be considered in their context. This section of the Local Plan aims to develop the principles set out in "By Design" in order to ensure the presence of successful places throughout the district.

Context

5.4 The design of buildings and spaces and their sympathy to neighbouring environments is of considerable importance to many residents and businesses and can also have a lasting impression on visitors. The design of the district's townscapes, landscapes and rural areas represent a legacy of previous developments, activities, and fashions and they frequently present a history of design styles. Whilst many aspects of this design legacy are pleasing in terms of aesthetics and function, other examples can be found that are neither pleasing nor functional.

5.5 The Local Plan seeks to learn from this design legacy to encourage solutions which enhance the environment and excite the consumers of design - all of us, as we go about our daily lives. It is considered that the key to achieving this will be to set out a design approach and associated policies that connect to a clear set of design objectives and principles.

5.6 Central Government advice on design considerations is currently embodied in revised PPG1 entitled "General Policy and Principles". Revised in February 1997, the guidance contained in Paragraphs 13 to 20 ("Design") and Annex A ("Handling of Design Issues) of this document sets the national framework for design as a material planning consideration. It is considered that the impact of new buildings and their curtilage are matters of proper public concern, as they help to define public spaces, streets and vistas and create the context for future development.

5.7 The design of the Built Environment has possibly never been higher on the national agenda. Public awareness of, and involvement in, what is being built - and redeveloped - around them is correspondingly high. There are a number of factors which make a place successful, safe, attractive or appealing and these invariably impact on individual buildings and the surrounding space. In 2000, the Government produced a new guide on how planning can help to achieve better urban design. "By Design: Urban design in the planning system: towards better practice", sets out the following key principles:

Character - A place with its own identity

Continuity and Enclosure - A place where public and private spaces are clearly distinguished

Quality of the Public Realm - A place with attractive and successful outdoor areas

Ease of movement - A place that is easy to get to and move through

Legibility - A place that has a clear image and is easy to understand

Adaptability - A place that can change easily

Diversity - A place with variety and choice

5.8 The design of buildings and layouts also has a significant role to play in moving towards sustainable development and as with all sections of the Plan, this concept is written into the heart of the design ethos.

5.9 This section seeks to encourage much greater investment in urban design. This will be achieved by placing a greater emphasis on the design of new development in relation to its setting as part of the determination of planning applications.

Making the Best Use of Our Assets

5.10 Ensuring access for all is fundamental to ensuring the creation of successful buildings and spaces. In line with PPG13 (Transport), the Council is keen to ensure that sufficient regard is had to the needs of disabled people in relation to the location, design and layout of buildings and the interconnecting spaces. Ensuring that developments are accessible and useable by disabled motorists, public transport users and pedestrians.

5.11 All too often, schemes turn their back on key features and corridors such as canals, roads, rivers and landmarks. These are valuable resources and visual corridors, which the Council is keen to see fully utilised. The incorporation of these features into the design of new developments can substantially improve a visitors perception of a place.

Canalside housing, Waterside Grange, Kidderminster

5.12 Wyre Forest District has a wealth of natural assets from which to draw inspiration. The District also has a diversity in the built form from Kidderminster's carpet factories to the basins of Stourport-on-Severn, the tight-knit historic town of Bewdley. This policy aims to ensure that such features are fully utilised. Proposals that integrate well with the existing environment will help to create successful buildings and spaces which will themselves be regarded as assets.

5.13 The street pattern and intricate network of pedestrian routes in most town and village centres has gradually evolved over time into a legible pattern of desire lines and focal points. Concentrating development along key routes and at focal points has numerous benefits. Fully utilising the potential of corner plots and focal points in this way can also add interest and add to a sense of local identity. As a general rule, buildings should relate to the common building line. Care should be taken to ensure that where buildings are set back they create a useable, attractive and purposeful space for pedestrians.

5.14 Vitality is about creating lively and active spaces which provide for an increased people presence, improved levels of natural surveillance and enhanced sense of security. Layouts can be designed to maximise activity on the street frontage. Narrow plot widths and the placing of street entrances at regular intervals can ensure greater levels of activity, particularly in the District's town and village centres.

Characteristic gable end of carpet factory

5.15 The importance and use of spaces can be defined by the scale of the buildings, landscaping and the relationship with the width of the space they enclose. Natural surveillance can also be maximised through ensuring that, where possible, living rooms overlook public spaces and thoroughfares.

5.16 It may sometimes be desirable to raise the floor above street level to protect the privacy of residential properties. Where courtyards and alleyways are proposed it is important that these areas benefit from maximum levels of natural surveillance and, where appropriate, gated access. Similarly, rear gardens are more secure if they back on to other gardens rather than public areas and, where practicable layouts should seek to encourage this.

5.17 As the majority of buildings have a relatively long life it is essential that their design is right. Policy D.1, seeks to ensure that the layout of new development forms the basis of detailed design. The key will be to ensure that layouts are harmonious with the surroundings. This policy seeks to ensure that neighbouring land-uses are compatible with the development proposed. Where it is considered that the potential conflict can be overcome, the layout of the proposed development is likely to have a fundamental role to minimising the impact.

5.18 Designers should have regard to the microclimate. The orientation of buildings and landscaping can maximise levels of passive solar gain and minimise the impact of wind on amenity.

5.19 Issues regarding movement and access are considered in section 10.5.

5.20 Finally, planning applications must be accompanied by an appropriate design statement that details how the scheme has had regard to local character (see Policy D.3) and the other requirements set out in the design section of this Local Plan. Designers should also have regard to good practice guides, including:

- "Places Streets and Movement: a Companion Guide to Design Bulletin 32 (Residential Roads and Footpaths", which provides further guidance on residential design, and contains principles that can be applied more generally.

- "By Design. Urban Design in the Planning System: Towards Better Practice"

Design Quality

Policy D.1 New development must be designed and sited to: a) be accessible and useable by all members of the local community; b) incorporate and where appropriate front onto existing valued natural features and buildings, water features, transport infrastructure and landmarks wherever practicable building on the quality of the historic environment; c) where applicable, concentrate the most active uses or entrances on main thoroughfares and focal points; d) maximise the use of corner plots and the street frontage and have appropriate regard to the common building line; e) where applicable, avoid being prejudicial to the comprehensive development of a larger area of land; f) maximise the opportunity to create new assets which contribute to local distinctiveness; g) accentuate and strengthen the existing network of pedestrian links and focal / meeting points; h) form a suitable footprint of buildings and spaces that complements the characteristics of the site and its surrounds; i) complement and respect any adjacent development; j) not give rise to a serious detrimental impact, such as dust, fumes, vibration or smell, on the amenity of nearby residents; k) maximise natural surveillance whilst maintaining appropriate levels of privacy and; l) complement the microclimate of the site. Applications which fail to demonstrate design quality will be refused.

 

 

Local Distinctiveness

5.22 Local distinctiveness is defined by ODPM as "the positive features of a place and its communities which contribute to its special character and sense of place". Clearly, one of the key aspects of good design is the ability to demonstrate a respect for the local character of an area. This can be achieved in numerous ways, but will involve an analysis of:

1. Building features and architectural style
2. Scale,
3. Proportions
4. Materials,
5. Density
6. Siting
7. Urban grain and layouts
8. Landscaping
9. Topography
10. Other distinctive features of the area may also be considered, including key features of local history.

5.23 PPG1 (General Principles) states that "local planning authorities should not attempt to impose a particular architectural taste or style arbitrarily. It is, however, proper to seek to promote or reinforce local distinctiveness". The following policies aim to ensure a balance between the need to preserve the separate identities and characteristics of the district's landscape and townscape and the desirability of ensuring that the current decade can make its contribution.

5.24 The places now regarded as being pleasing to the eye generally incorporate many architectural types and styles, often the result of incremental, ad-hoc developments, which can often appear disorderly. This policy seeks to reverse the growing trend towards standardisation and the rise of national corporate identities, styles and fashions that commonly fail to strengthen or enhance local character or identity.

Slingfield Mill, Kidderminster

5.25 In certain circumstances, it may be appropriate to build in the traditional style, but in other cases, a high quality and innovative design will be preferable to pastiche. In all cases, however, development should respond sensitively to the site and its setting.

Safeguarding Existing Landscape Features, Including Trees

5.26 Many of the key landscape features are identified in and subject to Policy LA.6 (Landscape Features). Through Policy D.3, the Council is seeking to safeguard these essential components and features of the landscape character. This policy applies to both urban and rural landscapes and encourages the retention and incorporation of existing trees of amenity or ecological value and other landscape features.

Assessing Local Character

5.27 Wyre Forest District has a considerably varied local distinctiveness which give the towns and rural areas their separate identities. From Kidderminster's association with the Carpet Industry and the historic and often ornate carpet factories, to the boating traditions of Stourport-on-Severn and from major forestry activity in the West through to horticulture in the East the variety can readily be seen. However, despite this, there are also shared characteristics, for example, all three towns (Kidderminster, Stourport-on-Severn and Bewdley) are connected by the theme of rivers. The aim of Policy D.3 is to ensure that designs have respect for this character and draw on its influences to create buildings and spaces which reflect the area’s heritage and traditions. Where appropriate, this may include innovative designs that contain references to the distinct architectural traditions and heritage of the area.

5.28 Generally, designers and decision makers should take the following sequential approach to analysing local character and assessing the suitability of the chosen design:

(i) Shape:
- ensure that the proposed development is harmonious with its setting and context (layout, massing, proportion and landscape design);
- seek to conserve valued features;
- have regard to the relationship with neighbouring buildings, infrastructure and spaces;
- relate to the existing layout where this will add continuity, richness and interest;
- reflect the topography of the site;
- complement or enhance distinctive skylines, views and vistas

(ii) Materials:
- ensure that the scale, texture and colour of building materials reflect local characteristics;
- designer's will be expected to draw their inspiration from all elements of the street scene including street furniture, and also local history and;
- particular attention should be paid to brickwork, ironwork, masonry and roofing materials and where appropriate the decorative use of materials.

(iii) Building:
- seek to successfully interpret local building forms to reflect characteristics such as housing types, roof slopes, window types, decorative elements, add-on features and garden plots;
- designers may draw their inspiration from the historic as well as existing character and;
- the relationship with neighbouring development will be particularly important.

Local Distinctiveness

Policy D.3 Development proposals, particularly those involving the construction of a new building, alteration or extension, together with any associated infrastructure or landscaping proposals, must: i) have regard to the local distinctiveness of the town, village, neighbourhood or locality; ii) clearly relate to the appearance and character of the surrounding townscape and landscape, so as to complement, the surrounding buildings and spaces; iii) seek to incorporate existing trees and landscape features and; iv) wherever possible avoid the loss of existing features of local value (natural or built). Applications that fail to demonstrate appropriate regard to local character will be refused.

 

Design Considerations and Trees

5.29 Where planning applications for new developments are submitted on sites which either contain, or are adjacent to trees of amenity value (i.e. a tree which by nature of its size is prominent within the site or clearly visible beyond it), a detailed tree survey giving species, age, condition, height, girth, crown and spread will be required. As part of the tree survey, it will be for the applicant to demonstrate the need to fell any such tree.

5.30 Careful consideration will also be given to cases where trees of high amenity value are adversely affecting the structural condition of buildings or where they are clearly prejudicial to the development of a larger area of land. The Council will seek the incorporation of a suitable replacement(s) as part of the landscaping scheme. Such replacements should generally be planted at the original location, unless it is demonstrated that this would prejudice the development of a larger area of land.

5.31 Suitable stand off distances from amenity trees must be provided when designing layouts (including extensions) and particular regard should be had to the eventual size and impact of existing trees when they reach maturity, in order to avoid future requests for consent to lop or fell safeguarded trees.

Design (existing trees)

Policy D.4 Development proposals for sites containing, or adjacent to, trees of amenity value must be accompanied by a detailed tree survey. Proposals involving the felling of such trees will be unacceptable unless there is clear justification. Where it is demonstrated that felling is necessary, adequate provision for suitable replacements must be included as part of the landscaping scheme.

 

Design of Development in the Countryside

5.32 Whilst Policy D.3 above is equally applicable to development proposals in the countryside a number of additional design considerations relating to landscape impact are important to consider.

5.33 PPG7 (Countryside) now places an increased emphasis on landscape character and this is reflected by the adopted Worcestershire County Structure Plan 1996-2011, which seeks to protect the identified landscape character. As part of the Structure Plan review a landscape character assessment was undertaken. This involved the definition and mapping of landscape character areas throughout the County of Worcestershire. Policy D.5 seeks to ensure that the design of new development safeguards and enhances the landscape character of the locality, whilst providing additional design guidance in support of policies LA.1 (Landscape Character), LA.2 (Landscape Protection Area) and LA.6 (Landscape Features).

5.34 Generally, all developments in the countryside should conform to the specific clauses of Policy D.5. In rural areas or areas adjacent to the countryside, buildings should be designed to blend with the wider landscape. The use of different materials for roof and walls, or the use of colour (if the roof is darker than the walls) and the avoidance of the use of reflective materials will all lessen the impact of development.

5.35 The following policy is intended to cover all development in the countryside, including proposals for agricultural buildings which either require a specific planning permission or are permitted by the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 but require prior notification to the Local Planning Authority.

Design of Development in the Countryside

Policy D.5 Development proposals and associated landscaping in the countryside must: i) respect the landscape character of the site and its surroundings; ii) where appropriate, be sited adjacent to existing buildings rather than in isolated positions; iii) be designed and sited to be as unobtrusive in the landscape as possible; iv) be constructed of materials which in form, colour and texture harmonise with its surroundings and are appropriate to the use proposed; v) incorporate sufficient and appropriate landscaping to enable it to blend naturally into the countryside and; vi) for proposals involving the re-use or adaptation of a rural building, maintain the visual integrity of the original building.

 

Safeguarding Resources by Design

5.36 The design of new development can have significant implications for natural resources and energy conservation. Many energy saving technologies which can be incorporated into new developments, though admirable and worthy of support, involve the internal working of buildings and do not represent material planning considerations. However, many designs involving energy saving technologies will have a material planning impact on the external aesthetics and functioning of buildings and their surroundings. The incorporation of such technology within new developments can help to remediate against some of the negative aspects of development. Improving the energy efficiency of development may also be targeted towards areas with specific problems and the use of s.106 obligations to improve the environmental sustainability of neighbourhoods will be considered wherever practicable.

Safeguarding of Resources by Design

Policy D.6 Where practicable, the design of new development should incorporate or have regard to the following resource saving design features, techniques and systems: i) Water collection and storage; ii) Utilisation of sustainable energy sources, including:- - Solar energy - Passive solar gain and photovoltaics - wind energy and alternative heat sources i.e. heat pumps; - heat recovery ventilation units; iii) Passive ventilation and; iv) Recyclable building materials.

Note: Where appropriate, s.106 obligations may be sought to help improve the quality of local environments and to make contributions to reducing overall energy consumption.

Sustainable Drainage

5.37 The use of sustainable water drainage systems will be encouraged as a means of replenishing aquifers, cleansing the water and preventing flash flooding. They also present landscaping opportunities and can create new wetland habitat. Sustainable Drainage techniques and Best Management Practices may include:

a) Preventative measures (e.g. rainwater harvesting, recycling, good practice design and maintenance).
b) The use of permeable surfaces (e.g. porous pavements)
c) Soakaways/infiltration ditches, conveyance swales, etc.
d) Detention and retention pools and wetland areas etc.

The application of these techniques offers numerous benefits including:

i) Avoiding creating or exacerbating localised flooding issues
ii) Reducing pollution risk and improving the water quality of run off thus reducing environmental degradation
iii) Encouraging groundwater recharge
iv) Minimising the disruption of existing drainage patterns
v) Providing an opportunity to enhance the amenity and ecological value of developments through the provision of features such as ponds, green swales etc.

5.38 Sustainable drainage is a means of reducing the adverse environmental effects of surface water from increased impermeable areas and helps to improve the sustainability of developments. Such techniques may also reduce costs for the developer as well as the overall costs to the community at large. Further details are given in the Environment Agency’s (EA’s) “Guide to Sustainable Urban Drainage” and advice can be obtained from the EA’s area office in Shrewsbury.

Sustainable Drainage

Policy D.7 Wherever practicable and subject to other layout, design and conservation considerations, all development proposals should include infrastructure that directs surface water to sustainable drainage systems rather than sewers and watercourses. Proposals for schemes in the settlements adjoining the Rivers Severn and Stour will be subject to particular scrutiny.

Note: In riverside locations, s.106 obligations may be sought to reduce the impact of storm water run-off on flooding.

Designing for Materials Recycling

5.39 There is only a finite amount of minerals and many are to be found in areas protected for their landscape value. The use of these minerals removes the potential resources of future generations whilst having dramatic effects on the natural environment. This policy has been formulated to encourage the re-use of existing resources.

5.40 The District Council considers that means of demonstrating how developments utilise existing on-site materials could reasonably include the following.

5.41 Firstly, if it is proposed to convert buildings or retain structures (for example walls) provision of proposed plans and supporting documentation detailing which buildings and structures are to be retained; and what component of each building or structure is to be retained (for example, brickwork, roof covering, timbers, glazing bars and glass, doors, floors, and fixtures and fittings) or otherwise why this is not possible. This is already routine with developments involving barn conversions and is feasible elsewhere.

5.42 Secondly, if it is proposed to demolish buildings and structures, provision of proposed plans and supporting documentation detailing which components thereof will be incorporated into any new buildings, structures or road materials on-site; or otherwise why this is not possible.

5.43 Thirdly, if it is proposed that existing on-site material is not to be reused in on-site conversion or redevelopment, provision of supporting information detailing the destination of that material, for example, storage, architectural salvage yards, another proposed building scheme, land-fill, or incineration.

Designing for Materials Recycling

Policy D.8 Proposals involving the redevelopment of major brownfield sites should demonstrate that they have been designed to maximise the use of existing on site materials.

Design of Infrastructure

5.44 The design of infrastructure associated with buildings, spaces between buildings and other infrastructure associated with specific land uses has the potential to significantly impact on the overall quality of the townscape and landscape of the district. The Council is keen to ensure that spaces between buildings are well-designed and integrated as functioning parts of the wider pedestrian network. The purpose of this section is not to repeat the consideration of transport infrastructure/accessibility which is considered in the Transport and Communications chapter. This section is rather concerned with the design of the infrastructure, including access to new development, but also hard and soft landscaping and boundary treatments.

Design for Movement

5.45 This policy seeks to ensure that road and footpath layouts generally conform with the County Council's Highway Standards, however, there are circumstances where greater flexibility may be required.

5.46 Transport routes must be legible and should reflect the existing or potential desire lines providing improved linkage to the wider area. Routes which offer greater legibility, choice and security may also help to reduce the need to travel whilst increasing the attractiveness of alternatives to the private car. Design features can attract people to use identified routes and can strengthen security whilst encouraging greater use.

5.47 There are a number of methods of attaining a safer pedestrian environment, however, reducing the speed of traffic is perhaps the most important. This can be achieved by the suitable incorporation of traditional traffic calming measures. However, preference will be given to the use of more innovative approaches, such as careful consideration being given to layouts and junction priorities, the hierarchy and use of accesses and the use of different materials, surface treatments and the creation of 'gateways' at the entrance to low speed areas.

5.48 Streets and junctions are public spaces and it is important that they are designed as such. The incorporation of existing features and the careful use of landscaping and lighting in accordance with Policy D.11 will strengthen the pedestrian environment, whilst enhancing the legibility of transport routes.

Design for Movement

Policy D.9 Where practicable, layouts should incorporate new vehicular, public transport, cycling and pedestrian infrastructure that: i) is generally in accordance with the recommended standards of Worcestershire County Council; ii) facilitates the safe and convenient movement of disabled pedestrians, motorists and public transport users, including the suitable provision of drop kerbs and tactile paving; iii) includes traffic calming measures where appropriate; iv) links well with the existing street pattern of the adjoining area to provide a network of routes following desire lines; v) maximises the potential for overlooking from neighbouring premises and facilitate natural surveillance; vi) minimises walking distances to public transport and other services; vii) includes design features that clarify and identify acceptable routes through the development; viii) incorporates views and vistas of important local buildings and features that will increase legibility and familiarity; ix) is an integral part of the overall design solution and; x) provides a variety of opened and enclosed spaces. Subject to the provisions of the transport section, innovative layouts will be encouraged, but may be regarded favourably where they add interest, security and enable higher densities to be achieved without detriment to the amenity of residents, employees or visitors.

Boundary Treatment and Screening

5.49 One element of new development which can have a significant impact on its surroundings, is the issue of boundary treatment. The use of timber fencing along boundaries, which are visible from the public domain, is considered inappropriate due to its limited durability and poor visual quality. Such fencing soon requires repair and replacement, and as a consequence can detract from the overall appearance of an otherwise attractive development. Walling with or without timber infill panels, designed as an integral part of the overall development will augment and enhance new housing development over the long term, particularly if used in association with well designed landscaping. The need for security in and around industrial, commercial, business and retail premises is recognised, especially where external storage areas, vehicle depots, etc. are involved. However, it is important that the choice of fencing and screening harmonises with the wider setting. As a general rule, the use of dark colours will be preferred. Fencing and screens can also be designed as works of art and this will be encouraged where appropriate.

5.50 Landscaping is an important design element and should be seen as a means of augmenting good design, not as a means of screening or hiding poor design. The Council is keen to encourage the use of 'living' fences (usually woven willow), where appropriate.

Boundary Treatment

Policy D.10 All boundaries and screens must be designed to a high standard to incorporate, wherever possible, vegetation or otherwise appropriate durable materials. The quality of boundaries will be measured against the following criteria: i) in housing developments, timber and chain link fencing will only be acceptable for the definition of internal boundaries between plots or at neighbouring, non-public, boundaries; ii) railings are generally urban in nature and in rural areas the Council will encourage the use of more traditional rural boundary treatments, including vegetation; iii) where timber, chain link, palisade and other fencing that can be unsightly, is proposed for security purposes it will only be acceptable if used in association with suitable defensive landscaping designed to obscure the fencing upon maturity; iv) boundaries designed for screening purposes will require landscaping schemes that provide all year round effect and; v) well designed fencing and screening must be durable, however, care should be taken to avoid galvanised railings and colours should be chosen which harmonise with the surrounding area. vi) where major new development is proposed along transport corridors, consideration should be given to providing new woodland planting.

Design of Landscaping Schemes

5.51 The impact of development can be dramatically reduced by the combination of good design and landscaping which together take into account the topography of the area and the layout of the buildings.

5.52 Street design, unlike building design, is not a once only exercise. Indeed, it has been likened to gardening, with the streets the spaces between buildings having to be nurtured over the years as they change with the demands made upon them, as technologies change, as objects are replaced and as surfaces wear out. This inherent need for continual maintenance means that care has to be taken to ensure that there is clear ownership of landscaped areas or that a clear management plan is provided as part of the scheme. Without this, proposals would be unacceptable as the landscaped areas will often degenerate into wasteland.

5.53 Policy D.11 seeks to encourage the decorative use of plants, whilst deterring vandals, burglars and other criminal activity. The use of spiky or thorny plants can, if strategically placed at the perimeter of a property or premises help to discourage criminal damage.

Roundhill Wharf, Kidderminster

5.54 It is important to ensure that the boundary between public and private spaces is clearly identifiable. Features such as walls, fences, railings, gates, arches signage and paving can be used and should be an integral part of the overall design solution.

5.55 All landscaping schemes will be expected to be carried out in accordance with BS 4428, 'Code of Practice for general landscape operations (excluding hard surfaces). In relation to planting scheme, further guidance is provided in the nature conservation section and, in particular, policies NC.5 (Biodiversity) and NC.6 (Landscaping Schemes).

Design of Landscaping Schemes

Policy D.11 Proposals for new development must include a high quality landscaping scheme to complement and enhance the proposals and surroundings. Where appropriate schemes must be designed to: i) Involve the predominant use of native species; ii) incorporate the strategic use of thorny plants to reduce crime and vandalism; iii) acknowledge existing trees, hedges and plants of importance specifying the species and planting positions of any trees and allow for their growth to mature size without detriment to nearby buildings and services; iv) where necessary, include protective guards for trees; v) demark desire lines, create features and enhance or create views and vistas, particularly those incorporating landmarks; vi incorporate features that clearly define public and private space; vii) include appropriate standards and types of lighting; viii) where appropriate, utilise lighting and architectural features to give artistic effect and; ix) include details of a clear management plan for landscape maintenance where appropriate. x) provide imaginative hard landscaping using robust and durable materials which add to the sense of place and reflect local distinctiveness.

 

Public Art

5.56 Public art has traditionally been limited to static sculpture and murals. More recently, however, the range of art forms has evolved to include lighting, digital media, water, mobiles and even sound. Such art has the ability to enliven the built environment, bringing interest, variety, vitality and, at times, controversy.

5.57 Ideally, such art should have a community base, providing the opportunity for expressions of identity, reaction and experience. Major new development, particularly within town centres, should play its part as a patron of such public art. The District Council, therefore, proposes to implement a "percent for art" scheme to be applied to major developments on a voluntary basis. More information on the percent for scheme is provided in the Council's Public Art Policy and Strategy.

Railway Bridge, Comberton Hill, Kidderminster

Public Art

Policy D.12 The Local Planning Authority will negotiate for the inclusion of works of public art within major developments. To that end, a scheme will be operated to encourage the allocation of a suitable proportion of the cost of any such development to the provision of works of art complementary to, or integrated within, the development. However, the provision of works of art by developers will be on a voluntary basis.

 

Design of Private Communal Amenity Space

5.58 With the increased emphasis being placed on higher density urban living the provision of communal amenity areas is likely to take on added significance during the Plan period.

5.59 Natural surveillance is an important consideration in the design of communal space. In order to maximise the level of natural surveillance, it may be possible to enclose spaces within the buildings that share the space. With shared internal rear courtyards, privacy can be maintained at the ground floor by incorporating clearly defined private yards or gardens between the building and the communal area.

5.60 Well designed amenity space will need to be well integrated into the development and the surrounding area. It is important not only for residential areas, but also for commercial schemes where open space can provide for the recreational needs and enjoyment of staff and visitors. The amount of private communal space will be dependent on the scale of the development and the constraints of the site.

5.61 Similar factors relating to defensible space and amenity will also need to be considered for the provision of private garden areas. Where practicable, rear gardens should be enclosed by the backs and rear gardens of neighbouring properties rather than public areas, as this enhances the security of the development.

Design of Private and Communal Amenity Spaces

Policy D.13 The design of private amenity space associated with new development must: i) where practicable, enclose private amenity space with other private space and buildings; ii) for communal areas, incorporate a high degree of natural surveillance; iii) include landscaping that provides appropriate levels of openness and/ or privacy and; iv) include a clear management plan for proposals involving communal space. Proposals incorporating private communal gardens and spaces should include details of the management company responsible for maintaining the space.

 

Street Furniture

5.62 It is very important that we are all aware of the signs that give us information or guidance, the litter bins that encourage us to be tidy, the seats that invite us to rest, the telephone kiosk, the cycle parking facilities and the bus shelter. It is, therefore, important that these elements of street furniture are carefully selected to stand out from the crowd and be seen. In order to prevent the rapid dating of Street furniture, it is probably more desirable to settle for a loose co-ordination of styles over the long-term.

Seating at Broadwater Mill, Kidderminster

Street Furniture

Policy D.14 Proposals involving the creation or improvement of public space must make appropriate provision for street furniture that: i) is attractive, robust, vandal proof and of an adequate size and specification to fulfil the function required of it; ii) is safe and well lit; iii) reflects local distinctiveness and is carefully integrated into the surrounding space or streetscape as an intrinsic part of the overall design; iv) does not obstruct pedestrian flows, impinge on highway safety or unnecessarily impact upon significant views or the setting of Listed Buildings; v) rationalises and avoids any proliferation of clutter and; vi) complements the character and setting of Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings.

 

Car Park Design

5.63 For many people, the district's private and public car parks represent the gateway to the district's town centres, major developments and other attractions. The design of car parks is, therefore, of considerable importance. They inevitably have a significant impact on the environment, both when in use and when empty. Surface car parking is low density and often involves large areas of land. This is the predominant type of parking in the district and is particularly susceptible to adverse visual impact - 'a sea of cars'. This impact can be reduced by adequate consideration being given to the layout of the car park, the careful selection of the colour and form of the surface treatment and the use of screening and planting. This is particularly important for schemes in town centre and edge-of-centre locations, where the majority of car parking is to be found and where the potential impact is greatest.

Car Park, Kidderminster

5.64 Multi-storey, or decked car parks can, if designed to a high standard, perhaps offer greater potential to create interesting design scenarios which complement the urban form. With the suitable incorporation of Closed Circuit Television, they can also be safer. It is considered that such car parks are only appropriate in and around Kidderminster town centre, where there is considerable demand for car parking and where they would be more in-keeping with the surrounding development pattern. Multi-storey car parks can ensure compact urban form, whilst requiring less land and, therefore, providing higher density development. However, care should be taken to ensure that such car parks are part of an integrated scheme, with a positive ground floor use at street level, with parking above.

5.65 Historically, many multi-storey car parks suffer from poor structural design and the over-use of non-traditional materials. Nevertheless, there are many good examples of multi-storey car parks throughout the country and their potential contribution to increasing the development density and the release of brownfield land is not to be discounted. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken on improving the design, safety and security of multi-storey car parking, and the Council will take these into account when considering new proposals.

5.66 The overall aim of car park design must be to accentuate a logical and aesthetic layout.

5.67 In accordance with Policy TR.17 (Car Parking Standards), car parking proposals must include appropriate provision for parking spaces that are suitably designed to meet the needs of disabled people in accordance with DTLR Traffic Advisory Leaflet 5/95, or any subsequent guidance.

Car Park Design

Policy D.15 In deciding applications incorporating new or modified car parks, regard will be had to the following: i) The design of new or modified surface car parking must incorporate: a) high quality surface and landscape finishes to soften the visual impact; b) the sensitive use of lighting, which provides appropriate security without serious adverse impacts on local amenity; c) for proposals involving provision for more than four cars, utilise an appropriate mix of surfacing materials other than tarmac such as block paving and; d) sustainable drainage principles. e) provision for users with special needs such as disabled people and parent and child spaces. ii) decked or multi-storey car parks must be designed to reflect the local urban grain and character in terms of the scale, massing and height of the proposed development and the choice of building materials. Considerable attention must also be paid to integration with the surroundings. In all cases, proposals will be expected to include measures to ensure a secure and safe environment. Applicants must also have regard to highway considerations and in particular the relationship between the entrance and exit points and the public highway.

 

Designing for Community Safety

5.68 Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 places a statutory duty on the Police and Local Authorities to work in partnership in seeking to reduce crime and disorder. The District Council is a partner in Wyre Forest Community Safety Partnership and this Plan seeks to support the work of the partnership, wherever practicable.

5.69 Planning policies have a role to play in crime prevention through influencing design of the environment in a way that minimises the opportunities for crime to occur. They can also assist in providing for social and community facilities which may help in diverting people away from criminal activities. The design of new development can have a significant impact on levels of crime and the general sense of security. It is, therefore, important that the security implications of design are fully considered.

5.70 Some characteristics of buildings or spaces that are poorly designed from a crime prevention aspect, include:

- set backs and other opportunities for concealment created by buildings or landscape features;
- a single use covering a large area;-
- poor lighting and;
- low levels of natural surveillance.

5.71 Paragraph 4.14 of Planning Policy Guidance Note 12 under the heading of "social progress which recognises the needs of everyone" states that social considerations are relevant to Local Plans in looking at measures for crime prevention (including through better urban design). Many of the policies in this section of the Plan have been formulated with crime prevention in mind. Policy D.16 is a more general policy, which seeks to ensure that all proposals that have regard to the security implications of design.

5.72 The above list sets out some examples of poor design. However, the wide range of environmental conditions in which opportunities for crime may present themselves make it impracticable to set out policies to cover every eventuality. The Council will consult with the Police Architectural Liaison Officer on planning applications to enable specialist advice to be brought to bear on specific proposals. Consultation will be mainly on applications which involve a large number of people or properties, for example new housing and industrial estates, shopping centres, large leisure developments and car parks. All development proposals should have regard to more detailed Government advice on crime prevention, which is contained in Circular 5/94 "Planning Out Crime".

5.73 As a general guide, the Council will encourage development that is designed to:

- maximise the quality of spaces and buildings in the public realm;
- facilitate enclosure and permeability whilst providing greater levels of natural surveillance;
- be legible to users;
- include high quality lighting of public and communal spaces (including where necessary security lighting);
- incorporate high quality landscaping and design features without creating hiding places;
- create a more balanced mix of uses and so maximise the people presence throughout the day;
- enhance natural surveillance and/ or include closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras and other appropriate security systems;
- where appropriate, incorporate suitably positioned street furniture and;
- incorporate any other design features that seek to reduce the opportunity for crime.

"Secured By Design"

5.74 The Local Planning Authority supports ‘Secured by Design’ which is a major Police initiative aimed at actively encouraging the adoption by developers of important guidelines to upgrade security against crime and fire safety in new homes, commercial buildings and car parks.

5.75 More information about the initiative is available from a special Website; www.securedbydesign.com. Alternatively developers should contact the local Police Architectural Liaison Officer. The Council will consult with West Mercia Constabulary on relevant planning applications, to assist in the appropriate consideration of crime prevention and "Secured by Design".

Designing for Community Safety

Policy D.16 Development proposals should create a safe and secure environment and seek to reduce the opportunities for crime. In addition, proposals should have appropriate regard to the concept of "Secured By Design".

Design Guides

5.76 There are a number of major development opportunities throughout the district and the Council will seek to bring the development of these sites forward through the production of development briefs. A development brief has been prepared for the Severn Road area of Stourport-on-Severn. Through a process of consultation, these development briefs will be adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance and will form the basis of more detailed design guidance which, where possible, will be formulated in conjunction with land owners. Design guides provide more specific design guidance for the redevelopment of individual sites. Again the Council will seek to adopt the design guides as Supplementary Planning Guidance, following public consultation.

5.77 In seeking to ensure high quality design in partnership, the Council wants to develop a shared vision with the local community.

Design Statement: Where possible, the Council will seek to work in partnership to prepare design guidance for major development opportunity sites. This guidance will help to expand upon the policies in this Plan to give more detailed advice relevant for the specific areas concerned. The District Council also supports the Countryside Agency initiative of locally produced village design statements. The guides will be formulated having regard to the design policies of the Local Plan and will be Adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance.

 

Design of Residential Extensions

5.78 In terms of extensions and alterations to existing buildings, good design will enhance the value of a property, whereas unsympathetic alterations may reduce the value, and even the life, of the building.

5.79 Extensions to dwellings constitute one of the most frequent proposals for development. As a general guiding principle, such extensions should be subservient to and reflect the scale and architectural character of the original building. Extensions both in themselves and when taken together with previous works should not dominate the original building.

5.80 In order to avoid the problems of the cumulative impact of a succession of modest extensions resulting in the creation of a larger scale dwelling, particularly in the sensitive open countryside and green belt, extensions must be in scale with the original building rather than with the existing property at the time of the application.

5.81 Nearly all two storey dwelling houses within the District have traditional pitched roofs. In order to ensure that two storey extensions to such dwellings harmonise in general design terms the use of flat roofs on such extensions will not normally be permitted.

5.82 Finally, in order to protect the amenity of neighbouring residents, designers must consider the 45 degree standard. As a general rule, proposals that do not adhere to this rule and obstruct light to neighbouring properties in this way, will not be allowed.

Design of Residential Extensions

Policy D.17 Proposals involving the extension or alteration to an existing residential property, including curtilage buildings and previous extensions, must: i) be in scale and in keeping with the form, materials, architectural characteristics and detailing of the original building; ii) be subservient to and not overwhelm the original building, which should retain its visual dominance; iii) harmonise with the existing landscape or townscape and not create incongruous features and; iv) not have a serious adverse effect on the amenity of neighbouring residents or occupiers Unless it can be demonstrated that there is no alternative, the development of flat roofed extensions will not be allowed.

 

Design of Non-residential Extensions

5.83 Extensions and alterations to existing non-residential buildings must, without prejudice to the requirements set out in the other policies of the design section, have regard to their impacts on the visual integrity of the building and local amenity. Such proposals will also be scrutinised to ensure that they do not seriously diminish the amount of operational space to the detriment of local amenity and safety.

Design of Non-Residential Extensions

Policy D.18 Proposals involving the extension or alteration to an existing non-residential property, must: i) harmonise with the existing landscape or townscape and be complementary to the appearance of the existing building; ii) not have a serious adverse effect on the amenity of neighbouring residents or occupiers and; iii) not unduly diminish the amount of ancillary operational space.

 

Designing for Adaptability - Creating Lifetime Buildings

5.84 Seeking to achieve sustainable development and moving towards sustainability is at the heart of this Local Plan. The durability of development and its ability to adapt to changing circumstances and demands is a key consideration. To be durable, development will:

- have a building form that is both simple, yet robust, in order to enable other uses to be accommodated, particularly at corner plots;
- be capable of being used for a range of activities;
- encourage a range of activities in the public realm, encouraging more active use of public spaces;
- facilitate the possibility of different access arrangements at different times of the day to facilitate mixed uses and;
- can easily be altered to suit the changing needs of occupants and users over time.

5.85 Traditionally buildings have been functionally designed, often without regard to the access requirements of disabled people, or the long term future of the building. This policy seeks to ensure that developments are built to last, by having in-built adaptability. Therefore, consideration should be given to the possible future use and uses of the building or structure. Issues such as possible means of escape, internal and external access issues, scope for expansion and floor to ceiling heights.

Designing for Adaptability

Policy D.19 In order to ensure the durability of non-temporary development, proposals must incorporate simple and robust building forms that have in-built flexibility in access and use.

Advertisements

5.86 Advertisements take a variety of forms, e.g. fascia signs and projecting signs on shops, pole signs at petrol stations, signboards at factories, highway signs, menu boards, poster hoardings, poster boxes, placards, models and flag poles.

5.87 The rules governing the display of advertisements are specified in the Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) Regulations, 1992 (as amended), with additional guidance on their regulation contained in Planning Policy Guidance 19 (1992). The Regulations enable local planning authorities to control advertisements, when it is justified, in the interests of "amenity" and "public safety", and also places a duty upon them to attach certain conditions to advertisement consents, in order to safeguard those interests. The Wyre Forest District Council intends to produce separate Supplementary Planning Guidance on advertisements during the Plan period.

5.88 Some types of advertisement are excepted from detailed control, e.g. small price tickets on petrol pumps and goods, and a single national flag on a vertical pole. Other advertisements qualify for what is called "deemed consent", provided they conform to standard limitations, e.g. a small private sign saying "no parking", a business premises detailing the goods or services available at those premises. A significant number of advertisements require what is called "express consent", i.e. permission must be obtained from the local planning authority before they can be displayed, e.g. virtually all posters, some illuminated signs, certain fascia signs and projecting signs on shop fronts, and most advertisements on gable ends. For proposals requiring express consent, regard must be had to the following policies, where appropriate.

5.89 Planning Policy Guidance 19 emphasises the importance of advertising in a free and diverse economy but makes clear that all advertisements affect the appearance of the building, structure or place where they are displayed, and states the main purpose of advertisement control is "to help participants to contribute positively to an attractive and cared for environment".

Impact of Advertisements on Character, Amenity and Safety

5.90 Local distinctiveness and character are considered in Policy D.3 The terms "amenity" and "safety" are considered in more detail in Planning Policy Guidance Note 19 (Advertisement Control).

Local Character

5.91 The requirement that advertisements should not harm the character and appearance of the general locality, or the architectural quality and character of buildings, will form the basis of the Planning Authority's consideration of the amenity issues relating to specific applications for the display of advertisements. In order to conform with policy AD.1, proposals should:

a) not adversely affect the amenity of neighbouring residents or occupiers;

b) complement the appearance and character of the surrounding townscape, landscape or individual building;

c) not be of an excessive size in relation to the size of the building on which it is intended to be displayed or to which it relates;

d) respect the pattern of existing fenestration and the scale of existing fenestration features (i.e. doors and windows);

e) not be conspicuous from an excessive distance or across an excessively wide area;

f) be of materials, colour, proportion or illumination which complements the building's design or fabric;

g) not cut across or obstruct important architectural features of a building, important cultural or historic features, or important view lines;

h) reflect local distinctiveness and be carefully integrated into the surrounding space or streetscape as an intrinsic part of the overall design;

i) rationalise and avoid any proliferation of clutter;

j) not transmit unwanted light or noise into or across nearby premises or land;

k) not prevent natural light from reaching nearby premises or land and;

l) compliment the architectural design and the building.

5.92 The sensitive incorporation of lighting into advertisement proposals will be considered on its merits, and subject to design details, will be encouraged where the existing street lighting is poor and where there would be clear security and safety benefits. For proposals involving internally illuminated signage, preference will be given to individually illuminated letters.

5.93 There is significant scope for advertisement hoardings to harm the visual integrity of buildings, particularly when too large an advertisement is placed directly on an exterior surface without regard to the building's original design, e.g. the size and spacing of door and window openings. However, with sensitivity, it may be possible to accommodate advertisement hoardings on buildings in certain instances.

5.94 Flag pole advertisements are particularly prominent due to their height, and often replicate or elaborate upon information displayed elsewhere on a premises, such as the name of a business, or the type of goods offered for sale. They therefore require careful control, particularly to ensure they do not harm local character or amenity, either by virtue of their visual intrusion, or by proliferation.

5.95 Many advertisements are located in close proximity to highways and less frequently adjoin navigable waterways and railways. In such instances, it is important to ensure they do not constitute a hazard, nor cause conflict with directional signs for the users of these transport networks, including pedestrians, vehicles, boats and trains. Advertisements (except certain advance warning signs) that include illumination or other design features similar to those used in standard highway signage, should generally be avoided; as should advertisements that shine lights into the line of vision of highway users, those which project particularly low over a highway and those which can only be maintained by positioning vehicles or ladders on a highway.

Advertisements (Local Character, Amenity & Safety)

Policy AD.1 Proposals for advertisements must: i) not, individually or cumulatively detract from the appearance and character of the area in which they are displayed and/ or the building on which they are displayed; ii) safeguard and enhance the legibility, safety and security of the pedestrian environment; iii) not distract or confuse the users of highways, navigable waterways and railways; iv) not obstruct a highway, either directly or through maintenance requirements and; v) have regard to the criteria set out in paragraph 5.86 above. Advertisement proposals involving the erection of flagpoles will be subject to criteria set out above and will not generally be in-keeping with local character. Such proposals will, generally, only be acceptable for temporary use during the construction.

 

Impact of advertisements on Built Heritage

5.96 Particular care needs to be taken with proposals affecting a listed building or a designated conservation area. The placing of advertisement hoardings on or close to Listed Buildings is unlikely to be in keeping with their special architectural or historic interest, and is best avoided.

Advertisements (Built Heritage)

Policy AD.2 Proposals for advertisements within or adjacent to Conservation Areas, or on, or close to, Listed Buildings and Ancient Monuments must: i) preserve or enhance the character, or appearance of the area, building or monument; ii) avoid the use of internally illuminated signage, or comprise individually illuminated letters; iii) avoid the use of non-traditional materials such as pvc, perspex and illuminated box fascias; iv) reflect the traditional signage of the area and; v) be in scale and proportion with the building on which the advertisement is displayed. Generally, illuminated signage is not appropriate, however, where it can be demonstrated that existing street lighting is poor and where there would be clear security and safety benefits, the sensitive incorporation of lighting will be carefully considered.

 

Advertisement Hoardings

5.97 Large advertisement hoardings and groups of small advertisement hoardings generally look out of place in the rural environment due to their urbanising effect. Within towns, there are opportunities for advertisements to harmonise with their surroundings and help contribute towards the creation of an attractive environment. The positioning of advertisement hoardings on or around vacant plots, particularly within extensive industrial or commercial areas, can provide the owners of such land with a useful source of temporary income and help to screen unsightly debris or derelict buildings; whilst their selective siting on the sides of larger buildings in such areas may also be acceptable. Where large industrial or commercial sites are undergoing extensive construction or demolition work, advertising hoardings located around the perimeter of such sites may help to provide a barrier form dust, noise and visual intrusion and for security purposes. Occasionally, where adequate alternative screening, such as landscaping, is not possible, advertising hoardings may provide suitable screening around long-term eyesores. Many free standing advertisement hoardings are sited on areas of land which are of sufficient size and shape to accommodate a landscaping scheme.

Advertisement hoardings, Horsefair, Kidderminster

Advertisement Hoardings

Policy AD.3 Large advertisement hoardings and groups of small advertisement hoardings, will only be allowed within towns in the following locations: i) vacant plots in large commercial or industrial areas; ii) to provide temporary screening around large commercial sites undergoing development and; iii) around long-term eyesores, where adequate alternative screening (e.g. landscaping, fencing or a wall) is not possible and advertising would enhance the amenity of the area. Where appropriate, developers should enhance the amenity of the land on which the advertisement hoarding is displayed by incorporating and maintaining an appropriate landscaping scheme.

 

Advanced Warning Signs

5.98 For many businesses and tourist attractions there is a desire to bring their presence to the attention of the passing public in advance. In certain circumstances, this can lead to the proliferation of clutter and can have a serious adverse impact on landscape character.

Advanced Warning Signs

Policy AD.5 Advertisements should be closely related to the premises to which they relate and must be visually appropriate to their location. Advanced warning signage that would result in the appearance of the townscape or landscape being harmed will not be allowed.

Free Standing Signs

5.99 Free standing advertisements, which are often associated with business forecourts. Whilst, the Council is not necessarily against the principle of such signage, it is considered that the use of such signage needs to be carefully controlled. This policy seeks to ensure that, where such signage requires Advertisement Consent, the resultant development does not have a serious adverse impact on local amenity or safety.

Free Standing Signs

Policy AD.6 The use of free standing signs must: i) not lead to a predominance of such signage; ii) not have a serious adverse impact on local amenity or safety; iii) relate well to the business use of the site and; iv) be within the forecourt or curtilage of the premises to which they relate. Free standing signs that do not relate to the business being carried out on the premises will not be allowed.